GHK-Cu

Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine Copper Complex

Copper-binding tripeptide · best-evidenced cosmetic peptide

FDA Status

OTC cosmetic ingredient · Not regulated as drug

Class

Tripeptide · naturally occurring · binds copper

Sequence

GHK + Cu²⁺ chelate

Half-life

Topical · ~hours in skin

Mechanism of action

• Stimulates collagen and elastin synthesis in dermal fibroblasts
• Modulates expression of ~4,000 genes (genomic data)
• Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant via copper redox chemistry
• Stem cell mobilization in skin and hair follicle niches

Research areas

• Topical anti-aging skincare (clinical trials show wrinkle reduction)
• Hair growth (5α-reductase modulation)
• Wound healing (diabetic and chronic wounds)
• Pulmonary fibrosis (early animal research)

Evidence and clinical data

Largest body of cosmetic peptide evidence: ~30+ years of research. Multiple RCTs on topical formulations. Less evidence for injectable forms in humans.

Safety profile

Topical form is among the safest cosmetic peptides. Copper accumulation is theoretical concern but not clinically observed at cosmetic concentrations.